The structure of human skin
Everyone’s skin is different, reacts differently, ages differently. This is an observable fact. But why? What are the underlying reasons for these outwardly so obvious differences? What do we have to know if we are to tailor skin care products more closely to individual needs in the future and make them more effective?
Henkel’s skin research team is not content with just focusing on the external symptoms of skin aging. The scientists want to delve under the surface and investigate every detail of the molecular processes that take place in the skin cells – so that they will be able to develop new anti-aging products. Their primary objective is to find active ingredients that will effectively influence the aging process, that will delay it and, if possible, stop it. To achieve this, the researchers employ advanced molecular biological methods, such as DNA chip technology.
Epidermis
Outer layer of the skin, which acts as a protective sheath against environmental influences. It consists of several layers of living cells, which go through a four-week cycle in which they continuously migrate outwards, then die and become part of the horny layer of the skin.
Dermis
Central skin layer, which gives the skin firmness, elasticity and moisture. It contains vital skin structures such as nerve ends, blood vessels, elastic fibers, sweat glands and sebaceous glands. The dermis consists mainly of collagen fibers and elastin fibers, and is connected to the epidermis by the basement membrane.
Fibroblasts
Cells that form collagen fibers and elastin fibers in the dermis and play a role in the formation of hyaluronic acid, which binds moisture in the skin.
Keratinocytes
The characteristic cells of the epidermis. During the outward migration process from the lower epidermis, they change their form and function and gradually die off. Eventually they become part of the horny layer of the skin and are finally shed.
Collagen
Important protein in the connective tissue of the skin. Collagen occurs in the dermis and the innermost skin layer. Three intertwined collagen strands form a collagen fiber. Collagen and other structural proteins give the skin its firmness and elasticity.
